{"id":629,"date":"2022-10-01T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-01T12:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/?post_type=article&p=629"},"modified":"2024-12-16T18:18:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T15:18:10","slug":"timbuktu-in-the-eye-of-the-french-traveler-rene-caillie","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/article\/timbuktu-in-the-eye-of-the-french-traveler-rene-caillie\/","title":{"rendered":"Timbuktu in the eye of the French traveler Rene Caillie"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f:<\/strong> 54, October 2022
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: 2634-131X
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> 18
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>86-99
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/strong>: Ibrahim Sobhi Elsayed Ghandar
\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/a>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/span><\/strong>
<\/bdo> During the first quarter of the nineteenth century, France tried with all its efforts to complete its knowledge about the features of the various regions of Western Sudan, in order to take the right decision about it in preparation for their colonization. And for that, it sent missions of travelers, scholars, researchers, and others who actually enriched its knowledge and succeeded in overcoming all obstacles to achieve its ambitions in that, and among the most famous and most important of these studies is what the Frenchman Rene Caillie wrote in a section of his book about Timbuktu, which is a summary of twenty-one days he spent there as an important stage of his historical adventure, during which he was able to draw an integrated painting of lines and colors on various political, cultural, economic, social and environmental aspects not only About one of the largest cities in the famous western Sudan and its enlightened metropolis, but also about the entirety of its regions in general.\n<\/span><\/pre>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pages: 86-99<\/p>","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[75,246,245,244,243],"issuem_issue":[239],"coauthors":[492],"class_list":["post-629","article","type-article","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-civilization","tag-customs-and-traditions","tag-khans","tag-mosques","tag-timbuktu","issuem_issue-issue-54-october-2022"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=629"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/629\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":630,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/629\/revisions\/630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=629"},{"taxonomy":"issuem_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issuem_issue?post=629"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}