{"id":327,"date":"2021-01-01T15:31:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-01T12:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.com\/journal\/?post_type=article&p=327"},"modified":"2024-12-16T15:05:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T12:05:10","slug":"hydro-politics-in-african-international-rivers","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/article\/hydro-politics-in-african-international-rivers\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydro politics in African International Rivers"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f:<\/strong> 47, January 2021
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: 2634-131X
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> 17
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>81-68
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/strong>: Dr. Mohamed Fouad Rashwan
\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/a>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/span><\/strong>
<\/bdo>   The continent\u2019s knowledge of the concept of \u201cshared waters\u201d dates back to the colonial era, between the years 1885 and 1956, when each colonial force subjected many of the sub-regions with their rivers to their control, in order to facilitate their access to their areas of influence, given that rivers are the easiest way to move between Colonies in different regions.\n   Then the colonial powers entered the stage of concluding international treaties to define areas of influence between them, and after the end of colonialism, the African continent inherited a legal system that was imposed on it through a large number of treaties, most of which were signed in the form of bilateral treaties between two colonial powers without consulting with the colonial population, This left a large number of riparian states on the river, which affected - in a big way - the conflicts over rivers on the African continent.\n   As a result of what the African continent has suffered as a result of conflicts and wars; The orientations of African countries have become based on cooperation and partnership in various fields, within the emergence of the need for agglomeration in order to achieve common goals and interests.\n   Based on the above; This study will be divided into four demands: The first requirement deals with the definition of water policy and related concepts, while the second requirement deals with water policies in the southern African region, the third requirement deals with water policies in the West Africa region, and finally the fourth requirement deals with water policies in East Africa.\n<\/span><\/pre>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pages: 81-68<\/p>","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[56,58,57],"issuem_issue":[46],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-327","article","type-article","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-border-conflicts","tag-regional-cooperation","tag-shared-water","issuem_issue-issue-47-january-2021"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/327","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/46"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=327"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/327\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":361,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/327\/revisions\/361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=327"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=327"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=327"},{"taxonomy":"issuem_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issuem_issue?post=327"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qiraatafrican.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}